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2-3 What is the working principle of a screw air compressor?

The screw air compressor compresses air via rotor teeth volume changes. It goes through intake, closing & conveying, compression with oil injection, and exhaust processes to complete the air compression cycle.

Подробности дела

Answer: A screw air compressor is a type of positive displacement compressor. The air is compressed by the volume change of the teeth of the male and female rotors that mesh with each other in parallel in the casing. The main and secondary rotors rotate in the casing that precisely matches them, so that the gas between the rotor teeth continuously produces periodic volume changes and is pushed from the suction side to the discharge side along the rotor axis, completing the detailed and well - defined suction, closed conveying, compression, and exhaust processes.

(1) Inhalation process. When the rotor rotates, the inter - tooth volume formed by the main and secondary rotors gradually expands. This volume is only connected to the suction port, and the outside air is sucked into the inter - tooth volume. By understanding the easy - to - understand screw air compressor working principle, we know that when the inter - tooth volume increases to the maximum, the inter - tooth volume is disconnected from the suction port, and the suction ends. This is the "intake process", which can be clearly observed in the illustrated screw air compressor working principle diagram (a) corresponding to Figure 2 - 1 of the twin - screw air compressor working principle diagram 1.

(2) Closing and conveying process. At the end of the suction, the main and secondary rotor teeth are sealed with the casing, and the air in the inter - tooth volume is sealed in the closed cavity composed of the main and secondary rotors and the casing. This is the "closing process". The two rotors continue to rotate, the main and auxiliary rotor teeth mesh with each other, the meshing surface gradually moves toward the exhaust end, and the air in the inter - tooth volume is also transported to the exhaust end, which is the "transport process". This step - by - step process is demonstrated in Figure 2 - 1 (b) of the twin - screw air compressor working principle diagram 1, showing the practical application of screw air compressor working principle during this stage.

(3) Compression and oil injection process. During the transportation process, as the rotor rotates, the inter - tooth volume continues to decrease due to the meshing of the rotor teeth, and the volume of the gas in the inter - tooth volume also decreases accordingly. The gas is compressed and the pressure increases. This is the "compression process". At the same time as compression, the lubricating oil is sprayed into the tooth groove due to the pressure difference and mixed with the air. As depicted in Figure 2 - 1 (c) of the twin - screw air compressor working principle diagram 2, this process is a key part of the comparative analysis of screw air compressor working principle, as it affects the overall efficiency and performance of the compressor.

(4) Exhaust process. When the rotor rotates to the point where the inter - tooth volume is connected to the exhaust port of the casing, the compressed gas begins to be discharged. This process continues until the profile at the end of the tooth is fully meshed. At this time, the inter - tooth volume is zero, and the gas is completely discharged, that is, the "exhaust process" is completed. This final process can be seen in Figure 2 - 1 (d) of the twin - screw air compressor working principle diagram 2, which is an essential part of the practical application of screw air compressor working principle.

The working principle diagram of the twin - screw air compressor is shown in Figure 2 - 1. These diagrams provide an illustrated and easy - to - understand representation of the screw air compressor working principle, which can help in analyzing common misconceptions about screw air compressor working principle and also in exploring new insights into screw air compressor working principle.